What is a common active ingredient in many non-soil fumigants?

The correct answer is Methyl bromide, phosphine, and sulfuryl fluoride, as these substances are widely recognized as common active ingredients in various non-soil fumigants. Each of these compounds serves a specific purpose in pest management and is particularly effective for controlling a wide range of insects, fungi, and other pests in settings such as warehouses, shipping containers, and structural fumigations.

Methyl bromide has historically been used due to its efficacy against a multitude of pests, although its use has diminished due to environmental concerns associated with ozone depletion. Phosphine, often used in grain storage, generates phosphine gas, which is lethal to insects. Sulfuryl fluoride is also a commonly used fumigant for structural pest control and is valued for its effectiveness against termites and other wood-destroying organisms.

On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate is primarily known as a mild abrasive and antacid and does not function as a fumigant. Chlorine dioxide is a gas used primarily as a disinfectant or water treatment agent rather than a fumigant for pest control. Glyphosate is an herbicide used for weed control and is not relevant in the context of fumigation practices. Understanding these distinctions helps in identifying appropriate fumig